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Fez
Fes or Fez (فاس [FAS], in Arabic, English Fes) is the fourth largest city in Morocco after Casablanca, Rabat and Marrakech with a population of 1.4 million inhabitants. This is one of the four "imperial cities" (Marrakech, Meknes and Rabat). The old city, a model example of an eastern city, is under the protection of UNESCO. The deep blue of his ceramic is one of the characteristic symbols of Fez. It has the largest medina (old city) of the world. Its international past makes it one of the capitals of Muslim civilization along with Damascus, Baghdad, Cordoba, Granada, Al Quds ...
According to legend, the city name comes from the discovery of a pick (Arabic: [FAS], pick) to the location of the first foundations.
Fez does not proceed easily. To access, you must enter through the front door, both visible and veiled the sacred. For Fez is a sanctuary. Thus, moreover, that the Sufis, these insiders Islam have always called the Zaouïa. The traveler who came from afar knew that on arriving at the gates of the city is its founder and its patron saint himself that he asked for hospitality. For him, Fez is the city of Moulay Idriss.
Fassis Many still know by heart what the chroniclers as the words at the opening prayer, the saint: "O God, You know I have not built this city by vanity, by desire for fame or pride. But I want you to Be adored your book will be read and Ta Act applied as the world lasts. O God, guide to the good people who live there and help them to accomplish, sailing in their eyes the sword of anarchy and dissent ... "
Fez, who was for many centuries a political and intellectual capital of Morocco, had become a center for meetings and exchanges. It is reported that Sylvester II (Gerbert d'Aurillac), Pope from 999 to 1003, stayed in his youth to study there after which he introduced Arabic numerals to Europe. Maimonides, Jewish physician and philosopher, also lived there a few years when he taught at the Qaraouine. The work of this philosopher is a wonderful illustration of the symbiosis of Jewish and Islamic cultures that prevailed Andalusia, and echoed similar to Fez.
History Foundation
city "Madinat Fez" was founded by Idris I in 789 to the square of the current district Andalusians. In 809, Idris II founded "al-Aliya" on the other bank of the river Fez. Al Aliya is developing very quickly and becomes a real city with mosques, palaces and kisariya (hall, market).
vital water sources around Fez, which even before its foundation was known and praised in song, has undoubtedly been an important criterion when choosing the location for the future metropolis.
Developments following are due to two successive waves of emigration from 817 to 818 move into the city founded by Idris I. nearly 800 families evicted by the Andalusian Umayyads of the English city of Cordoba. Shortly after about 2000 families banished from Kairouan settled on the other bank. The university mosque al-Qarawiyine "founded in the ninth century became one of the spiritual and cultural centers of the most important contemporary]. His influence is felt even in the schools of Islamic Spain and beyond to Europe and is known for being the oldest university in the world.
Newcomers bring with them as well technical expertise and craft a long experience of city life. Under their leadership, Fez became an important cultural center and after the founding of the university mosque Karaouiyne the religious heart of the Maghreb.
Fez is at a particularly advantageous location at the crossroads of important trade routes in the heart of a region naturally generous with valuable raw materials for handicrafts (stone, wood, clay). This allows it to grow very rapidly. Fez is particularly the caravan route from the Mediterranean to the Black Africa through the great commercial city Sidjilmassa (extinct in the seventeenth century) in the region Tafilalt (which corresponds today to the region of Rissani / Erfoud).
medieval
The two parts of the city united in the Middle Ages, destroying the wall that separated them. Fez loses his role with the foundation Almoravid capital of Marrakech in the eleventh century but resumed in 1250 with the Marinids. Under their reign, the new city El Medinet El-Beida (White City) was founded in 1276, it is equipped with ramparts, palaces and gardens. She quickly known as Fez Djedid (new Fez) in opposition to Fez el Bali (Old Town). The Jewish population was in the vicinity of the palace is forced to leave and the Jewish quarter (Jewish quarter) is formed in the old district of the Syrian garrison archers. In the early fourteenth century (apogee of Moorish art), the city is experiencing strong growth. The University of Fez is then known world. Thanks to the caravans going to the port of Bedi in the Rif, Fez is permanently linked to Islamic Spain and Europe. In 1471, the city fell to the dynasty Beni Watts.
XVI - XVIII centuries
In 1522, Fez is suffering from an earthquake that destroyed the city in part. In the following years, many buildings are rebuilt, restored or replaced with new ones. Saadi dynasty took the city in 1554 but chose Marrakech as their capital. At the end of the seventeenth century with the beginnings of the Alawite dynasty, Moulay Ismail Meknes chosen as the new capital. It installs a part of Fez Udaya clan who had helped him win power. After his death (1727), the Udai revolt, they will be expelled from the city in 1833 by Abd er Rahman. Moulay Abdallah, Moulay Ismail's successor, made Fez his residence and had renovated or newly built mosques, schools (madrassas), bridges and streets, the streets of Fez Djedid are paved.
nineteenth century
In the nineteenth century, the two former parts of the city are connected to new buildings like the Palace Boujloud. Until the beginning of the protectorate in 1912, Fez is Morocco's capital.
The French protectorate and independence
That the Treaty of Fez French protectorate and English (for the North and the Western Sahara) was signed May 30, 1912. Less than three weeks after the signing, riots broke out in the city. Rabat is officially declared capital of Morocco, Fez remains a royal residence and an important cultural center, crafts, commercial but also political. The Istiqlal (Independence Party) is established in Fez by Allal Al-Fassi. Many initiatives to drive the French occupation of Fez leave. In 1944, wrote the manifesto for independence in a house in the old medina, now instead of Istiglal. The city will be riots in the 80s and early 90s.
Editor Lyautey and the plans of the architect Henri Prost, a new town developed in the vicinity of Dar Debibagh Djedid south of Fez. Although it was initially the residential area of Europe, the new town continued to grow as Arab city modern new neighborhoods of villas. The authorities, institutions and service companies have settled. Today
The city of Fez are currently about 1.4 million inhabitants and is divided into two parts: Fez Medina
considered World Heritage by UNESCO;
Fez new city (Dar Dbibegh) reflecting the modernization and economic development. Thus, this is the part of Fez that meets modernity (shopping malls, buildings, hotels 5 stars ...) and tradition.
recent decades, tourism has continued to grow (1 million visitors year) and became an important economic factor. This became especially important with cultural events such as that in the course of June of each year as the Festival of World Sacred Music. "
large families of Fez
Large families of Fez, even installed today in Casa, are considered the authentic fassis, ancient families have a particular story, which detach from the other inhabitants of Fez today that the rural exodus has recently brought into the city. The nobles of Islam and the Arab world are a mixture of different backgrounds: the Shereefs (descendants the Prophet), the beldyin (descendants of Jews converted to Islam under the Almohad dynatie) and Andalusia (including those expelled from Spain by the Reconquista). This mixture gave rise to families to national prominence if not international, for its rich merchants, scholars, artists and Shereefs. Most if not virtually all large families HTF decades migrated to other cities of Morocco, Casablanca mainly. But whether in Casablanca or elsewhere, families fassis are heirs to a civilization and preserve a culture and lifestyle specific common that differentiate them other Moroccans.
Fes or Fez (فاس [FAS], in Arabic, English Fes) is the fourth largest city in Morocco after Casablanca, Rabat and Marrakech with a population of 1.4 million inhabitants. This is one of the four "imperial cities" (Marrakech, Meknes and Rabat). The old city, a model example of an eastern city, is under the protection of UNESCO. The deep blue of his ceramic is one of the characteristic symbols of Fez. It has the largest medina (old city) of the world. Its international past makes it one of the capitals of Muslim civilization along with Damascus, Baghdad, Cordoba, Granada, Al Quds ...
According to legend, the city name comes from the discovery of a pick (Arabic: [FAS], pick) to the location of the first foundations.
Fez does not proceed easily. To access, you must enter through the front door, both visible and veiled the sacred. For Fez is a sanctuary. Thus, moreover, that the Sufis, these insiders Islam have always called the Zaouïa. The traveler who came from afar knew that on arriving at the gates of the city is its founder and its patron saint himself that he asked for hospitality. For him, Fez is the city of Moulay Idriss.
Fassis Many still know by heart what the chroniclers as the words at the opening prayer, the saint: "O God, You know I have not built this city by vanity, by desire for fame or pride. But I want you to Be adored your book will be read and Ta Act applied as the world lasts. O God, guide to the good people who live there and help them to accomplish, sailing in their eyes the sword of anarchy and dissent ... "
Fez, who was for many centuries a political and intellectual capital of Morocco, had become a center for meetings and exchanges. It is reported that Sylvester II (Gerbert d'Aurillac), Pope from 999 to 1003, stayed in his youth to study there after which he introduced Arabic numerals to Europe. Maimonides, Jewish physician and philosopher, also lived there a few years when he taught at the Qaraouine. The work of this philosopher is a wonderful illustration of the symbiosis of Jewish and Islamic cultures that prevailed Andalusia, and echoed similar to Fez.
History Foundation
city "Madinat Fez" was founded by Idris I in 789 to the square of the current district Andalusians. In 809, Idris II founded "al-Aliya" on the other bank of the river Fez. Al Aliya is developing very quickly and becomes a real city with mosques, palaces and kisariya (hall, market).
vital water sources around Fez, which even before its foundation was known and praised in song, has undoubtedly been an important criterion when choosing the location for the future metropolis.
Developments following are due to two successive waves of emigration from 817 to 818 move into the city founded by Idris I. nearly 800 families evicted by the Andalusian Umayyads of the English city of Cordoba. Shortly after about 2000 families banished from Kairouan settled on the other bank. The university mosque al-Qarawiyine "founded in the ninth century became one of the spiritual and cultural centers of the most important contemporary]. His influence is felt even in the schools of Islamic Spain and beyond to Europe and is known for being the oldest university in the world.
Newcomers bring with them as well technical expertise and craft a long experience of city life. Under their leadership, Fez became an important cultural center and after the founding of the university mosque Karaouiyne the religious heart of the Maghreb.
Fez is at a particularly advantageous location at the crossroads of important trade routes in the heart of a region naturally generous with valuable raw materials for handicrafts (stone, wood, clay). This allows it to grow very rapidly. Fez is particularly the caravan route from the Mediterranean to the Black Africa through the great commercial city Sidjilmassa (extinct in the seventeenth century) in the region Tafilalt (which corresponds today to the region of Rissani / Erfoud).
medieval
The two parts of the city united in the Middle Ages, destroying the wall that separated them. Fez loses his role with the foundation Almoravid capital of Marrakech in the eleventh century but resumed in 1250 with the Marinids. Under their reign, the new city El Medinet El-Beida (White City) was founded in 1276, it is equipped with ramparts, palaces and gardens. She quickly known as Fez Djedid (new Fez) in opposition to Fez el Bali (Old Town). The Jewish population was in the vicinity of the palace is forced to leave and the Jewish quarter (Jewish quarter) is formed in the old district of the Syrian garrison archers. In the early fourteenth century (apogee of Moorish art), the city is experiencing strong growth. The University of Fez is then known world. Thanks to the caravans going to the port of Bedi in the Rif, Fez is permanently linked to Islamic Spain and Europe. In 1471, the city fell to the dynasty Beni Watts.
XVI - XVIII centuries
In 1522, Fez is suffering from an earthquake that destroyed the city in part. In the following years, many buildings are rebuilt, restored or replaced with new ones. Saadi dynasty took the city in 1554 but chose Marrakech as their capital. At the end of the seventeenth century with the beginnings of the Alawite dynasty, Moulay Ismail Meknes chosen as the new capital. It installs a part of Fez Udaya clan who had helped him win power. After his death (1727), the Udai revolt, they will be expelled from the city in 1833 by Abd er Rahman. Moulay Abdallah, Moulay Ismail's successor, made Fez his residence and had renovated or newly built mosques, schools (madrassas), bridges and streets, the streets of Fez Djedid are paved.
nineteenth century
In the nineteenth century, the two former parts of the city are connected to new buildings like the Palace Boujloud. Until the beginning of the protectorate in 1912, Fez is Morocco's capital.
The French protectorate and independence
That the Treaty of Fez French protectorate and English (for the North and the Western Sahara) was signed May 30, 1912. Less than three weeks after the signing, riots broke out in the city. Rabat is officially declared capital of Morocco, Fez remains a royal residence and an important cultural center, crafts, commercial but also political. The Istiqlal (Independence Party) is established in Fez by Allal Al-Fassi. Many initiatives to drive the French occupation of Fez leave. In 1944, wrote the manifesto for independence in a house in the old medina, now instead of Istiglal. The city will be riots in the 80s and early 90s.
Editor Lyautey and the plans of the architect Henri Prost, a new town developed in the vicinity of Dar Debibagh Djedid south of Fez. Although it was initially the residential area of Europe, the new town continued to grow as Arab city modern new neighborhoods of villas. The authorities, institutions and service companies have settled. Today
The city of Fez are currently about 1.4 million inhabitants and is divided into two parts: Fez Medina
considered World Heritage by UNESCO;
Fez new city (Dar Dbibegh) reflecting the modernization and economic development. Thus, this is the part of Fez that meets modernity (shopping malls, buildings, hotels 5 stars ...) and tradition.
recent decades, tourism has continued to grow (1 million visitors year) and became an important economic factor. This became especially important with cultural events such as that in the course of June of each year as the Festival of World Sacred Music. "
large families of Fez
Large families of Fez, even installed today in Casa, are considered the authentic fassis, ancient families have a particular story, which detach from the other inhabitants of Fez today that the rural exodus has recently brought into the city. The nobles of Islam and the Arab world are a mixture of different backgrounds: the Shereefs (descendants the Prophet), the beldyin (descendants of Jews converted to Islam under the Almohad dynatie) and Andalusia (including those expelled from Spain by the Reconquista). This mixture gave rise to families to national prominence if not international, for its rich merchants, scholars, artists and Shereefs. Most if not virtually all large families HTF decades migrated to other cities of Morocco, Casablanca mainly. But whether in Casablanca or elsewhere, families fassis are heirs to a civilization and preserve a culture and lifestyle specific common that differentiate them other Moroccans.
